Support langage et système pour l'administration autonome

Distributed software environments are increasingly complex and difficult to manage, as they integrate various legacy software with specific management interfaces. Moreover, the fact that management tasks are performed by humans leads to many configuration errors and low reactivity. This is particularly true in medium or large-scale distributed infrastructures. To address this issue, we explore the design and implementation of an autonomic management system. The main principle is to wrap legacy software pieces in components in order to administrate a software infrastructure as a component architecture. However, we observed that the interfaces of a component model are too low-level and difficult to use. Therefore, we introduced higher-level formalisms for the specification of deployment and management policies. This thesis describes these contributions which are integrated in a prototype autonomic system called TUNe.Les environnements logiciels distribués sont de plus en plus complexes et difficiles à administrer car ils sont composés d'applications patrimoniales avec des interfaces d'administration spécifiques. De plus, les tâches d'administration menées par un humain sont sujettes à erreur et à un manque de réactivité. Ceci est particulièrement visible sur les architectures moyennement ou grandement distribuées. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous étudions la conception et l'implantation d'un système d'administration autonome. Le principe est d'encapsuler un morceau de logiciel patrimonial dans un composant puis d'administrer l'architecture patrimoniale comme une architecture à composant. Cependant, nous avons observé que les interfaces d'un modèle à composant sont de trop bas niveau et difficiles à utiliser. Nous introduisons donc des formalismes de haut niveau pour spécifier le déploiement et les politiques de reconfiguration. Cette thèse décrit ces contributions qui sont intégrées dans un prototype de système autonome baptisé TUNe

Implementing autonomic administration DSLs in TUNe

Software components are recognized as the most adequate approach to support autonomic administration systems. We implemented and experimented with such a system, but observed that the interfaces of a component model are too low-level and difficult to use. Consequently, we designed higher abstraction level languages for modeling administration policies. These languages are specific to our autonomic administration domain. We metamodeled and implemented these DSLs on the Kermeta framework

TUNeEngine : An Adaptable Autonomic Administration System

International audienceThe Autonomic Administration technology has proved its efficiency for the administration of complex com-puting systems. However, experiments conducted with several Autonomic Administration Systems (AAS) revealed the need to adapt the AAS according to the administrated system or the considered administration facet. Consequently, users usually have to adapt even to re-implement the AAS according to their specific needs but these tasks require high expertise on the AAS implementation that users do not necessarily have. In this paper we propose a service-oriented components approach to build a generic, flexible, and useful AAS. We present an implementation of this approach, the design principles and the prototype called TUNeEngine. We illustrate the flexibility of this prototype through the administration of a complex computing system which is a virtualized cloud platform

Nanodevices for correlated electrical transport and structural investigation of individual carbon nanotubes

We report a new approach to the correlation of the structural properties and the transport properties of carbon nanotubes. Through an original combination of UV lithography, custom-made photosensitive sol–gel resist and deep reactive ion etching (RIE), we have successfully integrated membrane technology and nanodevice fabrication for the electrical connection of individual carbon nanotubes. After single wall nanotube (SWNT) deposition by molecular combing and contacting using high resolution electron beam lithography, we obtain a device that allows both the investigation of the nanotubes and the contact regions by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the measurement of the electronic transport properties of the same individual nano-object. The whole fabrication process is detailed and the demonstration that the micro membranes are suitable for both TEM inspection and nanoelectrode fabrication is given

Energy-QoS Tradeoffs in J2EE Hosting Centers

International audienceNowadays, hosting centres are widely used to host various kinds of applications e.g., web servers or scientific applications. Resource management is a major challenge for most organisations that run these infrastructures. Many studies show that clusters are not used at their full capacity which represents a significant source of waste. Autonomic management systems have been introduced in order to dynamically adapt software infrastructures according to runtime conditions. They provide support to deploy, configure, monitor, and repair applications in such environments. In this paper, we report our experiments in using an autonomic management system to provide resource aware management for a clustered application. We consider a standard replicated server infrastructure in which we dynamically adapt the degree of replication in order to ensure a given QoS while minimising energy consumption

Two levels autonomic resource management in virtualized IaaS

International audienceVirtualized cloud infrastructures are very popular as they allow resource mutualization and therefore cost reduction. For cloud providers, minimizing the number of used resources is one of the main services that such environments must ensure. Cloud customers are also concerned with the minimization of used resources in the cloud since they want to reduce their invoice. Thus, resource management in the cloud should be considered by the cloud provider at the virtualization level and by the cloud customers at the application level. Many research works investigate resource management strategies in these two levels. Most of them study virtual machine consolidation (according to the virtualized infrastructure utilization rate) at the virtualized level and dynamic application sizing (according to its workload) at the application level. However, these strategies are studied separately. In this article, we show that virtual machine consolidation and dynamic application sizing are complementary. We show the efficiency of the combination of these two strategies, in reducing resource usage and keeping an application’s Quality of Service. Our demonstration is done by comparing the evaluation of three resource management strategies (implemented at the virtualization level only, at the application level only, or complementary at both levels) in a private cloud infrastructure, hosting typical JEE web applications (evaluated with the RUBiS benchmark)

Des langages de modélisation dédiés aux environnements de méta-modélisation dédiés

Les langages dédiés (DSL) sont de plus en plus utilisés parce qu ils permettent aux utilisateurs qui ne sont pas des experts en programmation d exprimer des solutions avec des langages simples qui capturent l expertise de leur domaine. C est encore plus vrai pour les langages dédiés graphiques (DSML) qui ont un niveau d abstraction plus élevé que les langages dédiés de programmation. Implémenter un DSML revient généralement à fournir un éditeur dédié qui permette aux utilisateurs de manipuler les abstractions de leur domaine (d instancier le langage). Les expériences ont montré que l implémentation d un tel éditeur dédié graphique est coûteuse en termes de temps et de ressources humaines. Nous constatons que la plupart des plates-formes permettant de construire ce type d éditeur (EMF/GMF, DSL Tools, Obeo Designer, ...) sont génériques. Elles essayent d adresser le maximum de domaines possibles, ce qui les rend complexes et inadaptées à des cas d utilisation spécifiques. Si la spécialisation aux domaines a été un succès pour les langages, pourquoi ne pas l appliquer aux plates-formes de construction d éditeurs ? Cela reviendrait à concevoir pour un domaine donné, une plate-forme permettant de construire facilement des éditeurs dédiés pour ce domaine. Cette plate-forme n aurait pas les défauts d une plate-forme totalement générique parce qu elle serait restreinte au domaine ciblé. Ce type de plate-forme spécifique à un domaine, nous l appelons Domain Specific Modeling Framework (DSMF). Le principal inconvénient d un DSMF est qu on ne peut l utiliser que dans le cadre du domaine pour lequel il a été conçu. Cela implique qu il faille construire un DSMF par domaine et c est une solution coûteuse. Toutefois, nous pensons que cette approche sur les DSMF peut être généralisée afin d adresser un grand nombre de domaines. Cette thèse a donc consisté à concevoir et à implanter un environnement qui permet de construire des DSMF de façon modulaire.Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) are increasingly used in many fields as they allow users to express strategies without being programming experts. This is particularly true for graphical DSLs called Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) which are more intuitive than programming DSLs. Implementing a DSML means providing a specific editor which allow users to express the language s constructions (instantiate the language). Many experiments showed that implementing specific graphical editors is much manpower consuming. Our analysis is that most frameworks for building such editors (e.g. EMF/GMF) are generic, i.e. aim at fulfilling the requirements of any field, which leads to increased complexity and costs a lot in terms of development time. If domain specialization was successful for languages, why don t we apply it to frameworks ? Specializing such a framework according to the constraints of a domain would allow keeping the definition of a specific editor simple, while fulfilling the requirements of the considered domain. Domain specific frameworks for building DSML editors in specific application fields is a promising approach. Such a framework does not have the limits of generic frameworks because it is restricted to a particular domain. It is more intuitive and simpler to use as it only proposes abstraction of the domain for building DSMLs. We call this type of framework Domain Specific Modeling Framework (DSMF). For example, if we consider the component domain, there are several DSMLs in this domain which share the same layout requirements. We implemented a DSMF for this family of DSMLs. This DSMF is specialized according to the constraints and layout requirements of the component domain (Components, connectors, Bindings, . . .). This specialization allows simple and rapid generation of specific editors devoted to component-based architectures. The principal drawback of a DSMF is its restricted scope to one specific domain. This approach requires to develop one DSMF per domain and the development cost can be significant. A solution may be to generalise the DSMF approach in order to address many application fields. We designed a Generic framework for building DSMFs in a modular way. This thesis is based on the implementation of this framework.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

Alignment and nano-connections of isolated carbon nanotubes

We report a new approach for the alignment and the electrical nano-connection of isolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Through a novel combination of proven technics, we have been able to align isolated carbon nanotubes and selectively contact those CNTs by high resolution electron beam lithography (HREBL). Resistance versus temperature (R(T)) experiments have been carried out to determine the reliability of the metal–CNTs interface and to probe the electronic conductance of the CNT

Probing the electronic properties of individual carbon nanotube in 35 T pulsed magnetic field

After optimization of the alignment and the nano-contact processes of isolated single wall and double-walls carbon nanotube, we investigate the high magnetic field effects on the electronic transport properties of an individual metallic CNT. We develop pioneer multi-probes magneto-transport experiments under a 35 T pulsed field which reveal an unexpected oscillatory behavior of RðHÞ inconsistent with existing theories

TUNeEngine : An Adaptable Autonomic Administration System

The Autonomic Administration technology has proved its efficiency for the administration of complex com-puting systems. However, experiments conducted with several Autonomic Administration Systems (AAS) revealed the need to adapt the AAS according to the administrated system or the considered administration facet. Consequently, users usually have to adapt even to re-implement the AAS according to their specific needs but these tasks require high expertise on the AAS implementation that users do not necessarily have. In this paper we propose a service-oriented components approach to build a generic, flexible, and useful AAS. We present an implementation of this approach, the design principles and the prototype called TUNeEngine. We illustrate the flexibility of this prototype through the administration of a complex computing system which is a virtualized cloud platform